Other recoverable materials such as metal parts and wood are sent for recycling.
Metallic components in the mixed waste are removed using a magnet. Several different crusher machines and screening lines then separate the biologically treatable (organic) fraction from the fraction with the high calorific value (further processing in MSWI). Separation of the bulky coarse fraction is the first step in the treatment chain. This is however limited to a 30 percent reduction. The goal of mechanical biological treatment (MBT) of waste is also to reduce the volume of waste. Energy liberated during incineration is used for generation of electric power and district heat as well as for production of process steam. Metals are filtered out by means of a metal separator and reused. After cooling, the reaction-neutral slag is processed. Once the waste is completely burnt, the slag at the end of the incineration grate slides into a water bath. Incineration then takes place in the boiler without addition of fossil fuels. The lump of waste then falls on the incineration grate by its own weight. Large grippers transfer the mixed waste to the feed hopper at regular intervals. Remaining 10% Residual Material Is Recycled. This ensures homogeneous combustion characteristics in the boiler. The garbage in the bunker is mixed thoroughly in order to achieve a good mixture of low and high energy-containing fractions. Waste incineration reduces the volume of waste by 90 percent! Coarse fractions such as bulky refuse are crushed in the waste bunker. Waste is not only burned in a municipal solid waste incineration plant (MSWI), but also used energetically. Since 2005, two different TASi-compliant waste pretreatment methods are used in Germany: municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) and mechanical biological treatment (MBT). This was however associated with high investments by the operators in safe plants compliant with this requirement. The obligatory treatment of residual waste made the utilisation of the energetic potential of this waste an important aspect for the legislators. These requirements then had to be implemented by all the federal states of Germany.Įxceptions to the rule were to be prevented by the Waste Dumping Directive (AbfAblV) issued 1 March 2001.
The introduction of the Recycling and Waste Management Act (KrW-/AbfG) in 1996 set three objectives: to try to avoid waste, to recycle and dispose of existing waste. Dumping untreated waste was then completely forbidden (with a 12 year transition period) by the Technical Instructions on Municipal Solid Waste (TASi). Concrete political action towards minimisation of the potential damage to the environment by landfill sites only followed in 1993. The awareness that waste dumping is a ticking time bomb however only really became acute in the 1980s. This method of depositing waste persisted as the chief element of waste disposal until the end of the 20th century. Landfilling was the first waste management concept developed in order to be able to cope with the increasing amounts of waste accumulated in the course of the centuries. Waste can really almost be considered to be a cultural asset: remnants of human life have been indicators of social development since human existence.
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